This IUFRO Occasional Paper stresses the diversity and the complexity of the global fire situation, a situation that is evolving, positively or negatively, in unknown proportions due to global environmental changes — with climate change being the most acknowledged manifestation. This paper provides guidance for decision makers on policy and investments to better cope with, and adapt to, an increasingly fire-prone landscape. The work presented here is the result of a large collaborative effort by fire scientists and practitioners developed during, and as follow-up to, the Global Expert Workshop on Fire and Climate Change hosted in Vienna, Austria, in July 2018.